Emission Market Design Based on Supply Function Equilibrium Model
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, August 2016
Pages:
1-7
Received:
25 September 2015
Accepted:
20 October 2015
Published:
28 August 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijeee.20160101.11
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Views:
Abstract: This paper designs an emission market for electricity industry based on supply function equilibrium model. It refers to major features of the existing emission market. And it is improved in (i) electricity-environment coordinated regulation, (ii) adopting the first price-quantity sealed auction for allowances allocation, (iii) penalty covering generator’s all emissions, and (iv) pricing allowances through both market bidding process and regulatory process coordinately. We depict generator’s decision as a stochastic parameter linear programming model, which provides us its bidding curve. According to market equilibrium, each generator gets its allowances at a market clearing price. We find that, (i) the new market can not only effectively motivate generator to mitigate emission individually, but also can save allowances through market process; (ii) it can be an effective instrument to pricing emission. Finally, we present a numerical simulation for its validity, and results are well fitted to the theoretical conclusions.
Abstract: This paper designs an emission market for electricity industry based on supply function equilibrium model. It refers to major features of the existing emission market. And it is improved in (i) electricity-environment coordinated regulation, (ii) adopting the first price-quantity sealed auction for allowances allocation, (iii) penalty covering gene...
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Consumption-Income Disparity During Retirement in Ghana
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, August 2016
Pages:
8-15
Received:
14 July 2016
Accepted:
27 July 2016
Published:
30 August 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijeee.20160101.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The retirement stage in the life cycle is a difficult stage if not perhaps, the most difficult stage. This is because maintaining pre-retirement consumption level is the preserve of few, though required by all. In Ghana, the inadequacy of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust pension benefit for instance, in matching up with the consumption needs of pensioners and their dependants creates a consumption-pension income disparity. This paper investigates the extent of this disparity and the reasons for the disparity. Our results show that, average consumption exceeds average pension benefit by 41%. This means that on average, a pensioner requires an additional 41% of alternative sources of retirement income to supplement his/her pension benefit. The study identifies inadequacy of the pension benefit and certain socio-economic factors to be responsible for the consumption-income disparity.
Abstract: The retirement stage in the life cycle is a difficult stage if not perhaps, the most difficult stage. This is because maintaining pre-retirement consumption level is the preserve of few, though required by all. In Ghana, the inadequacy of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust pension benefit for instance, in matching up with the consumpt...
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