The Influence of Urbanization, Population Age Groups and Trade on Energy Consumption in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2018
Pages:
38-44
Received:
13 July 2018
Accepted:
31 October 2018
Published:
4 December 2018
Abstract: This study examines the influence of urbanization, population age groups (15-64 and 65 and above) and international trade on energy consumption in Nigeria using ARDL cointegration analysis and the direction of causality between the variables using VECM Granger causality framework over the period 1971-2013. The influence of trade openness and urbanization on energy consumption in the long run is found to be positive and significant. Working (ages, 15-64) and old and retired (ages, 65 and above) population age groups are found to be influencing the level of energy consumption differently. While the size of old and retired population group (ages 65 and above) causes the level of energy consumption to decrease, the size of the working population (ages 15-64) causes the level of energy consumption to increase. These results could be a guide to policy makers in analysing the energy requirements of the Nigerian economy and for appropriate energy policies required to mitigate environmental issues related to the consumption of fossil fuels.
Abstract: This study examines the influence of urbanization, population age groups (15-64 and 65 and above) and international trade on energy consumption in Nigeria using ARDL cointegration analysis and the direction of causality between the variables using VECM Granger causality framework over the period 1971-2013. The influence of trade openness and urbani...
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Coal Facies Characteristics and Coal Formation Mechanism of No. 38 Coal Seam in Cuipingshan Coal Mine
Fumei Xu,
Lin Jiang,
Daoliang Bao
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2018
Pages:
45-50
Received:
5 December 2018
Published:
6 December 2018
Abstract: No. 38 coal seam is the main coal seam in Cuipingshan Coal Mine. In order to reveal its coal-forming mechanism, the microlithologic types of No. 38 coal seam in Cuipingshan Coal Mine are analyzed by using modern testing methods such as sequence stratigraphy, coal petrology and geochemistry. We find that the maceral of No. 38 coal seam is mainly vitrinite, the average content is respectively 57.28%, the vitrinite is mainly telinite and desmocollinite, and the microlithotypes is semi-bright coal. The coal facies of the No. 38 coal seam include tidal flat-tidal channel wet forest swamp facies, shoreland lacustrine wet forest swamp facies and barrier island-lagoon low swamp facies. The formation background of coal seam is an environment of shoreland lacustrine facies, barrier island~lagoonfacies and tidal flat-tidal channel swamp facies, etc., which are sea-land transitional facies. The shoreland lacustrine wet forest swamp facies and barrier island-lagoon low swamp facies are the main coal facies types of the No. 38 coal facies in the region of interest and are distributed throughout the whole coal seam section. This indicates that it always predominated in the evolutionary process of swamp. The tidal flat-tidal channel wet forest swamp facies also accounted for a certain proportion in the formation process of coal seam, and constitutes periodic cycle structure with the shoreland lacustrine wet forest swamp facies and barrier island-lagoon low swamp facies. Generally the coal formation mechanism of No. 38 coal seam is a regressive swamp development process, and its coal formation environment is tidal flat-tidal channel swamp and shoreland lacustrine swamp. Besides, the development process of peat swamp is influenced by the frequent advance and retreat of secondary seawater.
Abstract: No. 38 coal seam is the main coal seam in Cuipingshan Coal Mine. In order to reveal its coal-forming mechanism, the microlithologic types of No. 38 coal seam in Cuipingshan Coal Mine are analyzed by using modern testing methods such as sequence stratigraphy, coal petrology and geochemistry. We find that the maceral of No. 38 coal seam is mainly vit...
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Flood Capacity of Shirakawa River at Tatsudajinnnai Area in Kumamoto Prefecture
Xiang Chen,
Ryuichi Hirakawa,
Terunori Ohmoto
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2018
Pages:
51-57
Received:
26 December 2018
Published:
27 December 2018
Abstract: In the Shirakawa River, remarkable deformation due to sediment deposition was observed after the river channel improvement work. The sediment deposition was observed at the bend of the river channel. In this research, a model experiment, a quasi-three-dimensional numerical simulation and planer two-dimensional bed variation analysis were conducted in order to evaluate the effect of river bend curvature variation caused by improvement works on channel response and flow capacity. In the model experiment, large sandbars were formed, and the channel become narrower. In the numerical simulation, flood flew over sandbars and gravel deposited on sandbars, which caused decreasing of flow capacity. The gravel deposition was most active when the flow charge was in its peak. There was less inundation at the areas where sediment deposition was occurred.
Abstract: In the Shirakawa River, remarkable deformation due to sediment deposition was observed after the river channel improvement work. The sediment deposition was observed at the bend of the river channel. In this research, a model experiment, a quasi-three-dimensional numerical simulation and planer two-dimensional bed variation analysis were conducted ...
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