Review Article
Energy Transition Agenda in Tanzania Within the Auspice of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Power Sector
Emmanuel Gabriel Michael Biririza*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
59-76
Received:
3 July 2024
Accepted:
24 July 2024
Published:
15 August 2024
Abstract: The energy transition is on the high agenda in the global space to allow the international communities to meet the global objectives of lowering anthropogenic emissions that cause global warming. The international community is guided by the scientific evidence of increasing climate change impacts and is working under the auspice of the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit GHG emissions. As one of the significant contributors to GHG emissions, energy will play a critical role by shifting from dependence on fossil-based sources to renewables and using technologies to decarbonize the sources. Energy transition in the power sector is primarily associated with shifting towards directing investments in renewable energy. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is still a niche market in the power sector with substantial suppressed demand, and where only about half of its population still does not have access to electricity. The region also strives to power its economic activities to support economic growth. The region is endowed with renewables and fossil fuels to support its economic transformation. Investment in renewable energy entails high capital costs, which makes it hard for the countries in the region with financial constraints to afford it. Renewables also have some limitations in supplying baseloads and are inherent to issues of dispatchability. Countries in SSA have been approaching the energy transition agenda with care to address local needs while supporting international climate change concerns. The energy transition agenda in countries like Tanzania considers multidimensional factors when investing in the power sector, primarily fostering universal access to electricity for its population, attaining security of supply, and accelerating industrial development. This paper reviews what the transition entails in the context of sources and technologies that will support the sustainable transition; it discusses renewable energy and energy efficiency. It also touches upon the role of fossil fuels in the energy transition agenda. The paper also reviews the policies and politics around the energy transition landscape, looking at the global context and its effects in the developing world, notably the sub-Saharan Africa region. The review concludes by analyzing different potential factors that contribute to decision-making on energy transition policies using the system thinking theory, looking at how various factors are interlinked.
Abstract: The energy transition is on the high agenda in the global space to allow the international communities to meet the global objectives of lowering anthropogenic emissions that cause global warming. The international community is guided by the scientific evidence of increasing climate change impacts and is working under the auspice of the Paris Agreem...
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Research Article
Empirical Review on Determinants of Willingness to Pay for Natural and Environmental Resource Valuation: Meta-Analysis
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
77-89
Received:
25 January 2024
Accepted:
8 February 2024
Published:
20 August 2024
Abstract: Even if natural and environmental resource plays detrimental role prosperity of nations, measuring their value is highly problematic. Lack of realistic markets data to estimate its value for the goods and services necessitates the use of nonmarket valuation techniques. The meta-analysis was carried out to see the mean size effect of certain demographic, socioeconomic and institutional factors on willingness to pay of natural resources conservation and improvement. The empirical analysis review was done on about 57 published articles for total of 116 observations. The data synthesis was done from published articles include coefficients of explanatory variable and standard error, model used, value measured, study region, sample size and publication from the year of 2002 up to 2019 year. The data analyzed in excel sheet and SPSS software. The study countries were Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Guinea, Nigeria, Malaysia, USA, Iraq, China and India. The result confirmed that measurement errors and heterogeneity of case studies, interviewed resulted difference in willingness to pay estimate. The result implied inverse relationship between willingness estimate and environmental resource valued and study destination [Eat Africa]. The meta-analysis indicated mean size effect of willingness to pay defined as function of income, age, bid value, occupation, sex, knowledge, and education level of respondents. The empirical analysis result showed that increasing awareness, enabling to expand income earning believed to increase the willingness to pay value.
Abstract: Even if natural and environmental resource plays detrimental role prosperity of nations, measuring their value is highly problematic. Lack of realistic markets data to estimate its value for the goods and services necessitates the use of nonmarket valuation techniques. The meta-analysis was carried out to see the mean size effect of certain demogra...
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